According to BitMEX Research, claims that Bitcoin saw zero spam attacks after filtering arbitrage data above 80B are incorrect, with the team cataloging repeated spam-like waves spanning 2011 to 2023 (source: BitMEX Research on X, Sep 9, 2025). Examples cited include the 2011 Single Satoshi Spam, Satoshi Dice in 2012, April 2013 85-output transactions, 2014 Sochi spam, multiple Coinwallet.eu waves and the Aug 2015 Giv3r spam, sustained high-volume usage from Omni/Tether and Counterparty, the 2016 "busy week" spam, March 2017 51-output wallet spam, Oct 2018 Bestmixer, 2019 Veriblock, 2020 momo, and 2023 Ordinals/BRC-20 and Babylon Labs Taproot-related activity (source: BitMEX Research on X, Sep 9, 2025; source: BitMEX Research blog on the 2015 spam attacks). BitMEX Research adds that outcomes are path dependent and identifies increased mining centralisation pressure and a lack of mining incentives as the largest risks to Bitcoin's network (source: BitMEX Research on X, Sep 9, 2025). For traders, BitMEX Research’s chronology highlights Ordinals/BRC-20 activity and miner incentive sufficiency as key variables when assessing BTC network risk and blockspace usage patterns (source: BitMEX Research on X, Sep 9, 2025).

According to @BitMEXResearch, four rounds of spam attacks on the Bitcoin network in 2015 significantly disrupted user experience, particularly during the third attack from July 7 to July 11, 2015. The increased on-chain congestion led to delayed transactions and higher fees, directly affecting traders and payment processors who relied on timely confirmations. These disruptions underscored the importance of scaling solutions for Bitcoin and highlighted transaction fee volatility as a crucial factor for crypto trading strategies at the time (Source: BitMEX Research blog).